Colloidal Silicon Dioxide

cid3

142

Category

Adsorbents; Stabilizers; Disintegrants

Molecular Formula

SiO2

Molecular Weight

60.08

Description

Colloidal silicon dioxide is a submicroscopic fumed silica with a particle size of about 15 nm. It is a light, loose, bluish-white-colored,odorless, tasteless, amorphous powder.

UNII

ETJ7Z6XBU4

Chemical Name

Silica

CAS Number

7631-86-9

Synonyms

Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; Cab-O-Sil M-5P; colloidal silica; fumed silica; fumed silicon dioxide; hochdisperses silicum dioxid; SAS; silica colloidalis anhydrica; silica sol; silicic anhydride; silicon dioxide colloidal; silicon dioxide fumed; synthetic amorphous silica; Wacker HDK.

Administration route

Oral; Buccal; Dental; Sublingual; Transdermal; Rectal; Vaginal

Stability and Storage Conditions

Colloidal silicon dioxide is hygroscopic but adsorbs large quantities of water without liquefying.

Applications

Colloidal silicon dioxide is widely used in pharmaceuticals,cosmetics, and food products. Its small particle size and large specific surface area give it desirable flow characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting and capsule filling. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparations.With other ingredients of similar refractive index, transparent gels may be formed. The degree of viscosity increase depends on the polarity of the liquid (polar liquids generally require a greater concentration of colloidal silicon dioxide than nonpolar liquids). Viscosity is largely independent of temperature. However, changes to the pH of a system may affect the viscosity. In aerosols, other than those for inhalation, colloidal silicon dioxide is used to promote particulate suspension, eliminate hard settling, and minimize the clogging of spray nozzles. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. Colloidal silicon dioxide is frequently added to suppository formulations containing lipophilic excipients to increase viscosity, prevent sedimentation during molding, and decrease the release rate. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as an adsorbent during the preparation of wax microspheres;as a thickening agent for topical preparations;and has been used to aid the freeze-drying of nanocapsules and nanosphere suspensions.

Safety

Colloidal silicon dioxide is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical products and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant excipient. However, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection may produce local tissue reactions and/or granulomas. Colloidal silicon dioxide should therefore not be administered parenterally. LD50 (rat, IV): 0.015 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 3.16 g/kg

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with diethylstilbestrol preparations.