Cat.No.	Product Name	CAS	Inquiry
PE-0331	Allylpalladium(II) Chloride Dimer		Inquiry
PE-0334	Carbonlychloro bis-(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I)	14871-4-1	Inquiry
PE-0336	Chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-3,6-dimethoxy-2',4',6'-tri-i-propyl-1,1'-biphenyl)(2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)palladium(II)	1451002-39-3	Inquiry
PE-0335	Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I)	4694-95-2	Inquiry
PE-0332	Dichloro[bis(1,2-diphenylphosphino)ethane]palladium(II)		Inquiry
PE-0333	Palladium(II) Acetate Trimer		Inquiry
PE-0330	Platinum Carbon (Pt / C)		Inquiry
PE-0667	Tetraphenylphosphonium bromide	2751-90-8	Inquiry
PE-0666	Triphenylphosphine	603-35-0	Inquiry

About Catalysis

A catalyst is a substance that influences the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed. A positive catalyst promotes a reaction while a negative catalyst demotes a reaction. Catalysis occurs by changing the activation energy of a reaction but not changing the thermodynamic nature of the reaction. A catalyst can only influence the rate, but not the equilibrium of the reaction. In some cases, a reaction product can catalyze the rate, which is often termed as autocatalysis. The free-radical initiated oxidation certainly is such an example. Hydrogen ions and/or hydroxyl ions are often involved directly in the degradation of pharmaceuticals. When the concentration of hydrogen ion or hydroxyl ion appears in the rate equation, the reaction is said to be subject to specific acid-base catalysis. Drug degradations are often determined in buffered solutions and studied by monitoring the drug itself. As a result, the degradation kinetics is often apparent first-order with the apparent rate constant in the following form:

For a reaction subject to specific acid catalysis, a plot of the logarithm of the apparent first-order rate constant with respect to pH gives a straight line of slope of 1, while a specific base catalysis generates a straight line of slope of +1. When both are present, a V or U -shaped pH-rate profile is often observed.

General acid-base catalysis occurs when the buffering components catalyze a reaction. Either the acidic or basic components of the buffer, or both, can catalyze a reaction. General acid-base catalysis often causes deviation of the rate-pH profile from the expected unit slopes.

Fig.1 pH-rate profile of hydrolysis of aspirin.

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References

1. Garrett, E. R. Prediction of Stability in Pharmaceutical Preparations. IV. The Interdependence of Solubility and Rate in Saturated Solutions of Acylsalicylates. J Am Pharm Ass 1957, 46, 584-586.
2. Mitsuhiro, and Arisawa. Development of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis toward Drug Discovery. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2019, 67(8):733-771.