Therapeutic Peptide Array

Peptide arrays are a convenient method to screen peptides for applications such as drug discovery. CD Formulation has established an advanced SPOT peptide array synthesis platform capable of producing hundreds of peptides on membranes, ideal for high-throughput and precise screening experiments. With our peptide arrays, you can conduct a wide range of studies, from epitope mapping and kinase mapping to protein interaction assays.

What is a Peptide Array?

Peptide arrays consist of a large number of peptides and have been widely used to locate immunodominant regions in antigens, map immunodominant regions in antigens, elucidate signal transduction pathways, identify isolated enzyme substrates, etc. By immobilizing peptides on a solid surface (usually a glass slide or membrane), scientists can perform detailed analysis of enzymes, map antibody epitopes, and identify key residues involved in protein binding. The advantage of peptide arrays is that they allow many experiments to be performed on a single sample.

Fig. 1 Technical components of peptide arrays. (Szymczak LC, et al., 2018)

Explore Our Custom Therapeutic Peptide Array Synthesis Services

CD Formulation provides top-tier peptide array solutions to meet R&D needs in diverse application areas. Based on an advanced high-throughput peptide array platform, we design and manufacture large-scale combinatorial arrays of peptides, peptide mimetics, and peptide derivatives. These peptide arrays can be attached to a solid support or prepared unbound. Unbound peptides are delivered in the form of 96 individual tubes or 96-well plates. Each peptide array is individually tested for quality, purity, and quantity to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.

In addition, we offer comprehensive downstream services such as epitope mapping, protein characterization, or peptide library preparation, which require milligram quantities or >95% purity of peptides for your assay or proteomics application.

• 5-250 nmol per crude peptide.
• Up to 20 amino acids in length.
• C-terminal to (β-alanine)2 or selected C-terminal amino acid.
• No cross-contamination.
• Can be used with biotin or fluorescein.
• Lyophilized peptides in 96 individual tubes or 96-well plates.
• Each peptide in the peptide array should be the same length.
• One-stop downstream services: Providing epitope mapping services, binding assays, and functional assays for your drug discovery research.

Peptide Array Options We Offer

Our Peptide Array Synthesis Platforms

In CD Formulation, there are two widely used methods for synthesizing peptides in arrays: Merrifield solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and SPOT method.

Merrifield Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)

Merrifield SPPS is a traditional method for synthesizing peptides, where the peptides are assembled on a solid support, side chain protection is removed, cleaved from the support, purified if necessary, and finally fixed to the array support. Peptides prepared in this way are generally of higher quality and have fewer impurities due to incomplete synthesis.

SPOT Method

The SPOT method is a widely used peptide array synthesis technology with the advantage that it uses minimal reagents and eliminates the need (or possibility) for peptide purification. The SPOT method utilizes Fmoc-protected amino acids to directly synthesize peptides in parallel on a membrane support. A solution containing amino acids and coupling reagents is dispensed to specific locations on the membrane. After the coupling reaction occurs, the entire membrane is washed and treated to remove the terminal amino protecting groups, allowing the next set of amino acid reagents to be dispensed onto the membrane for coupling. Multiple repeated coupling and washing cycles are required to complete the synthesis of the peptide array.

Our Peptide Array Immobilization Methods

For array preparation of presynthesized peptides, we provide the following three commonly used peptide immobilization methods:

Fig. 2 Immobilization methods. (Szymczak LC, et al., 2018)

Physical Immobilization

The simplest method for attaching peptides to solid supports relies on physical adsorption. Most peptides of appropriate length or with complementary properties to the support will rapidly adsorb to the support. Our scientists make SPOT peptide arrays by adsorbing presynthesized peptides to nitrocellulose or PVDF membranes.

Chemical Immobilization

The most common strategy for chemical immobilization is to covalently link the peptide to the support using either selective or non-selective chemical reactions. These methods typically require chemical modification of the surface to install the relevant functional groups for attachment, with the advantage that the peptide is covalently attached and there is no risk of detaching from the surface during detection. Our scientists use a variety of reactions to immobilize peptides, including:

• Condensation of the naturally nucleophilic α-amino groups of the peptide with carboxylate groups on the support.
• Native chemical attachment of cysteine-terminated peptides to thioester-functionalized surfaces.
• Other nucleophilic functional groups are introduced into the peptide for chemoselective immobilization.
• Incorporation of bioorthogonal functional groups into synthetic peptides for chemoselective immobilization

Bio-Immobilization

Our bio-immobilization strategies are based on ligand-receptor interactions or enzyme-mediated reactions. The specific non-covalent complex between the biotin tag and avidin or streptavidin is a common example of how we capture labeled peptides onto solid supports. In addition, our scientists use hybridization of two complementary oligonucleotides for peptide immobilization.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, we combine flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation has extensive experience in peptide array. Each synthesis step is subject to our strict quality control. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services. We look forward to cooperating with you.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.