The key to the successful development of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals depends on ensuring the safety, efficacy, purity, biological potency, and stability of active molecules in this class of drugs, which involves developing and creating a series of robust experimental conditions to analyze and verify the target ingredients. CD Formulation is an expert in the field of protein & peptide, committed to providing a full range of analytical testing services to help you deeply understand the characteristics of its biological products and overcome a series of challenges, such as the complex production process of drugs, susceptibility to heat, acid, and alkali, degradation of proteins and peptides, etc.
Therapeutic proteins & peptides are a class of bioactive molecules composed of amino acids that have important biological functions, including regulating cell growth, stimulating immune responses, and transmitting signals. They can enhance or inhibit physiological processes in the body by stimulating the functions of natural molecules, thereby achieving the purpose of treating diseases. Protein & peptide characterization and analytical testing are fundamental and critical steps in the development and ongoing quality control of biologics. These bioactive molecules vary in size, molecular structure, and physical and chemical properties, which require protein analysis and characterization through various isolations and identifications to ensure their safety and efficacy. Commonly used characterization and analysis techniques for proteins and peptides include mass spectrometry (including mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry quantification, and mass spectrometry imaging), gel electrophoresis, protein purification, X-ray crystallography, and biophysical techniques.
Fig. 1 The most common analytical techniques for the structural characterization of proteins in solid pharmaceutical forms. (Bolje A, et al., 2021)
With years of experience supporting therapeutic protein and peptide development and testing assays, CD Formulation's pharmaceutical team and protein & peptide chemists are committed to providing a full range of analytical testing services to assist our customers in deeply understanding the properties of their biological products, provide key data support for new drug development and comply with regulatory requirements.
Our expert team strategically deploys therapeutic protein and peptide analysis and characterization testing services to address key biological characteristics relevant to ensuring the efficacy and safety of target products, including protein/peptide structural analysis, peptide mapping analysis, and protein/peptide quantification analysis, post-translational modification analysis, batch-to-batch consistency analysis, and biological evaluation, etc.
Our pharmaceutical analysis team has extensive experience in the development and validation of analytical methods for biological products and is able to identify possible decomposition pathways and determine the best analytical methods to detect and quantify major components and impurities in biological products to assist you with production solutions quality control issues in the process, including stability analysis, product-related impurity analysis, process-related impurity analysis, forced degradation research, etc.
Determine the sequence, structure, and composition of proteins and peptides through atomic force microscopy, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel electrophoresis, and other technologies, and evaluate the purity and impurity content.
Characterize the physicochemical properties of protein & peptide formulations through size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other techniques, including assessment of solubility, aggregation, conformation, in vitro release, in vitro penetration testing, and sterility testing.
Critical quality attributes(CQAs) of proteins and peptides, including identity, purity, potency, stability, and impurities, are evaluated through analytical techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and spectroscopy to confirm that proteins or peptides meet predetermined quality standards before release or use.
Understand the mechanism of action of proteins and peptides and their formulations in organisms through in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments, and computational simulations, including immunogenicity, biological efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic analysis.
Importantly, our analytical testing laboratories can help you meet authorization requirements in all regions around the world, providing compliance data every time, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), etc.CD Formulation specializes in the analytical characterization of therapeutic proteins & peptides. Our expert team has a complete set of the latest analytical techniques and equipment to characterize and test your protein & peptide products to solve various possible problems and complex challenges.
Available analytical techniques:
Analysis Projects | Technologies | Applications |
Conformational Characterization | DSC | Checking temperature-dependent parameters. |
CD | Giving the content of regular secondary and tertiary structural features. | |
Fluorescence spectroscopy | Giving the content of small structural changes(tertiary statures) of proteins and peptides. | |
DSF | Measuring the thermal unfolding of a protein by monitory changes in fluorescence as a function of temperature. | |
UV | Tertiary structure analysis. | |
Raman | Secondary structure/ chemical characterization. | |
Infrared | Detecting the percentage of the secondary structure in the protein (in solution and solid states) either in the form of fold and/or aggregation/fibrils. | |
Separation and Purification | RP-HPLC | Separating proteins by considering slight changes in the surface hydrophobicity of proteins. |
CIEF | Separating proteins based on their PI. | |
IEX hromatography | Separating proteins by considering their charge | |
MS | Differentiation of diverse components by considering mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). | |
LC-MS | In cases where a protein complex is present, initial separation by HPLC enables MS to obtain more details of the sample. | |
Zeta potential | Measuring the particle charges. | |
Oligomerization Analysis | AUC | Determining the size of particle aggregation. |
DLS | Determining the high range of particles (between 1nm to 5 µM). | |
AF4 | Separating particles based on their diffusion coefficients. | |
RMM | In a microfluidic way, it can calculate particle size. | |
SEC | Determine the molecular weight, aggregation rate, and interactions between proteins. | |
SDS-PAGE (all types) | Analyzing covalent interactions between proteins and also protein digests. | |
Optical microscopy | Detecting large particles (larger than 1 µm). | |
Native MS | investigating non-covalent interactions and post-translational changes in proteins. | |
Fluorescence microscopy | Determining a pattern of protein folding and even aggregation. | |
CE-SDS | Molecular weight analysis. | |
Electrical zone sensing | Determining the size of the particles. | |
Turbidity | Detect large particles, optical density > 360 nm. |
CD Formulation is committed to helping our customer determine the purity, identity, and stability of your proteins and peptides assess their biological activity and potency, and provide accurate and reliable data that meets regulatory requirements and industry standards. Don't hesitate to contact us today to learn more about how our proteins & peptide characterization services can support your research and development needs.
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