Phosphorylated Peptide Synthesis

Phosphorylation of peptides is the most common and important method of peptide post-translational modification. At CD Formulation, phosphorylated peptides are usually generated by specifically incorporating protected phosphoamino acids into the sequence. With decades of experience in peptide modification and synthesis, our team of peptide experts has completed hundreds of peptide phosphorylation modification services and successfully prepared thousands of phosphopeptides.

The Importance of Peptide Phosphorylation Modification

Phosphorylation is one of the important post-translational modifications in organisms. It mainly binds phosphate groups covalently to specific amino acid residues through protein kinases, thereby regulating the function, activity, stability, and interaction of proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most common amino acids for phosphorylation, among which phosphorylation mainly occurs on the hydroxyl side chains of serine and threonine residues, and to a lesser extent on the phenol side chains of tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation can not only change the conformation of peptides and thus affect their biological activity, but also serve as a "tag" for molecular recognition, promoting the interaction between different proteins.

Fig. 1 Chemical approaches for the synthesis of phosphopeptides. (Samarasimhareddy M, et al., 2022)

Explore Our Custom Phosphorylated Peptide Synthesis Services

Phosphorylated peptides are synthesized by specific incorporation of protected phosphorylated amino acids or phosphorylation of assembled peptides at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. As experts in peptide modification, CD Formulation provides unparalleled peptide phosphorylation services to clients worldwide. With our robust synthesis procedures and superior peptide analysis technologies, we can address any possible challenge in the development and production of peptide therapeutics.

Our services include but are not limited to:

• Phosphorylated peptide design.
• Phosphorylated peptide synthesis.
• Phosphorylated peptide characterization and purification.
• Phosphorylated peptide synthesis process development.
• Phosphorylated peptide large-scale production.

Importantly, our phosphorylated peptides are customizable, whether single or multiple phosphoserines (-pS-), phosphotyrosine (-pY-), or phosphothreonine (-pT-) residues.

Available Synthesis Strategies for Phosphorylated Peptide

To synthesize high-purity phosphopeptides, our peptide synthesis platform is equipped with a variety of different synthesis strategies to obtain reliable phosphopeptides.

Single Phosphorylation Synthesis

In single phosphorylation, phosphopeptides are directly solid-phase synthesized in a stepwise manner. This method involves the separation of monomethylated phosphoamino acids and Fmoc chemistry into two steps: bzl-pAA coupling and subsequent AA coupling.

Multi-Phosphorylation Synthesis

In multi-phosphorylation, phosphopeptides are solid-phase synthesized in their entirety. This method involves post-synthetic phosphorylation of unprotected hydroxyls on a solid support. Once the phosphorylation synthesis is completed, all residues are phosphorylated in a single step in the liquid phase.

Building Block Approach

This method uses a solid-phase synthesis protocol to incorporate protected phosphopeptide building blocks and non-phosphorylatable side chain protected building blocks into the peptide. The pattern and extent of phosphorylation are determined by the order in which the different amino acids are introduced.

Available Phosphoryl Groups

The mechanism of peptide phosphorylation is the process of transferring a phosphate group to an amino acid residue. Phosphoryl groups can be added to the side chains of serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and tyrosine (Tyr) by forming a phosphodiester bond.

Amino Acid Name	Structural Formula
Phosphoserine
Phosphothreonine
Phosphotyrosine

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation has extensive experience with each phosphorylation modification of peptides. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services, and to learn more about the possibilities of incorporating phosphate groups into your peptides. We look forward to cooperating with you.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.