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Peptoid Synthesis

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The development of peptide drugs is limited by some of their own characteristics, such as low stability, low targeting specificity, low hydrophobicity, and lack of a specific transport system. In order to overcome these limitations of peptides, many solutions have been proposed and successfully applied, peptoids are one of them. With decades of hands-on experience in peptide synthesis and research, CD Formulation can provide you with a wide range of peptoid synthesis services.

What is Peptoid?

Peptoids, also known as poly-N-substituted glycines, are a class of peptoid compounds that have desirable chemical properties. In native peptides, the R groups on the amino acid side chains represent 20 different amino acids, but in peptoids, there are more choices for R groups. In peptoids, the alpha carbon substituted side chains of the amino acids on the backbone of the peptide are transferred to the backbone nitrogen. It is worth mentioning that due to the lack of hydrogen on the backbone nitrogen, peptoids are generally unable to form higher-order structures similar to the secondary structures in peptides and proteins. Peptoids are a family of diverse sequence-defined oligomers of N-substituted glycine monomers that are generally easily obtained by solid-phase submonomer synthesis.

Fig. 1 Peptoid synthesis.Fig. 1 Solid-phase synthesis of peptoids. (Clapperton AM, et al., 2022)

Explore Our Custom Peptoid Synthesis Services

At CD Formulation, our team of peptide synthesis experts has the expertise and specific skills to design and synthesize high-quality peptoids for a variety of applications based on your needs.

Our scientists are familiar with a variety of synthesis techniques, including solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), and chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS), allowing us to select the most appropriate technology to support each individual peptide synthesis project. At the same time, we strictly follow quality control standards to ensure that we provide you with high-purity, low-impurity peptide products.

Our peptoid synthesis services include but are not limited to:

  • Provides personalized peptoid sequence design services based on your specific needs.
  • Synthesize peptoids up to 20 residues in length
  • Modify the peptoids according to your research needs. Available modifications include acetylation, amidation, biotin, FAM, FITC, and TMR labeling.
  • Dozens of different peptoids are available, and more are under development.

Our Synthesis Methods for Peptoid

Sub-Monomer Method

This method doesn't require monomers with α amino groups protected, and has been widely used in the construction of peptoid libraries.

The sub-monomer method combines residues in two steps: acylation and displacement

  • In the acylation reaction, the haloacetic acid reacts with the amine remaining at the end of the previous step, most commonly bromoacetic acid activated with diisopropyl carbodiimide. The result is that the previous residual amine is activated by diisopropyl carbodiimide.
  • In the displacement reaction (classical SN2 reaction), an amine, usually a primary amine, attacks and displaces the halogen and forms an N-substituted glycine monomer.

Fig. 2 Sub-monomer synthesis of peptoid. Fig. 2 Peptoid sub-monomer synthesis. (CD Formulation)

Monomer Method

This method is similar to peptide solid phase synthesis, but before synthesizing the peptoid, all protected monomers need to be synthesized first.

Available Side Chain for Peptoid Synthesis Options

Side Chain Name Abbreviation Side Chain Name Abbreviation
Methylamine NAla diisopropylamine Ndip
Tert-butylamine Ntbu α-methylbenzylamine Nmba
Ethylamine NAbu 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide Nbsa
n-propylamine Nnpa Piperonylamine Npip
Isopropylamine NVal 3,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine Ndmb
n-butylamine Nnba 4-methoxyphenethylamine Nmpe
Sec-butylamine NIle N-Boc-1,4-Diaminobutane NLys
Isobutylamine NLeu 3-Methoxypropylamine Nmpa
Benzylamine NPhe 2-(methylthio)ethylamine NMet
β-phenylethylamine Npea (S)-(+)-Tetrahydrofurfurylamine Nffa

Features of Peptoids

  • Compared with peptides, peptoids are less susceptible to degradation in the body.
  • More suitable for drug discovery, because a large number of different types of peptide building blocks can be obtained by modifying the main chain amino group.
  • A powerful tool for screening specific structures that bind to proteins.
  • A candidate for drug development with high potential.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

  • Peptide identification (ESI-MS).
  • Peptide Molecular weight determination.
  • Peptide sequencing.
  • Peptide quantification/peptide content determination.
  • Peptide purity and impurity analysis (HPLC/UV).
  • Amino acid sequence.
  • Amino acid composition determination.
  • Net peptide content.
  • Enantiomeric purity testing (GC/MS; LC).
  • Residual counterion testing (e.g. TFA).
  • Elemental analysis.
  • Residual solvent testing.
  • Water content testing (GC or KF).
  • Peptide solubility testing.
  • Peptide stability testing.
  • Optical rotation determination.
  • Bioburden testing(TAMC/TYMC).
  • Bacterial endotoxin testing.
  • Sterility testing.
  • Cytotoxicity testing.
  • Process/product related impurity testing.
  • Other pharmacopoeia testing.

Publication

Published Data

Technology: Synthesis of Peptoids Containing Multiple N Htrp and N Trp Residues

Journal: Front Chem.

IF: 3.97

Published: 2020

Results:

The authors studied the synthesis of peptoids containing multiple N htrp and N trp residues using (1) different resins including rink amide MBHA and TentaGel S RAM resins (2) different cleavage conditions including A (TFA:TIPS:H 2 O; 95:2.5:2.5) and B (TFA:DCM:anisole, 49:49:2), and (3) protected and unprotected sub-monomeric amines.

Fig. 3 Peptoid synthesis of indole-rich peptoids.Fig. 3 Solid-phase sub monomer peptoid synthesis of indole rich peptoids. (Lone A, et al., 2020)

CD Formulation's peptoid synthesis services are tailored to meet the specific needs of researchers and organizations seeking high-quality peptides for drug discovery, vaccine development, diagnostics, and other scientific endeavors. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services. We look forward to cooperating with you.

References

  1. Clapperton AM, Babi J, Tran H. A Field Guide to Optimizing Peptoid Synthesis. ACS Polym Au. 2022 Dec 14;2(6):417-429.
  2. Connolly MD, Xuan S, Molchanova N, et al. Submonomer synthesis of sequence defined peptoids with diverse side-chains. Methods Enzymol. 2021;656:241-270.
  3. Lone A, Arnous A, Hansen PR, et al. Synthesis of Peptoids Containing Multiple Nhtrp and Ntrp Residues: A Comparative Study of Resin, Cleavage Conditions and Submonomer Protection. Front Chem. 2020 Apr 29;8:370.
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