The short-chain amino acids nestled within free peptides stand vulnerable and are susceptible to proteolysis in vivo. To counteract this potential degradation, a clever stratagem has emerged—conjugating these peptides to nanoparticles. It introduces a formidable layer of steric hindrance and a dense packing structure to extend the half-life of peptides. CD Formulation can use its expertise to conjugate various nanoparticles, such as liposomes, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, etc., to your peptide of interest to achieve effective protection of short-chain amino acid-free peptides.

What Are Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptides?

Nanoparticle-conjugated peptides represent an enticing frontier within the realm of soft materials, bursting forth as multifunctional agents for myriad biomedical endeavors. These peptides, with their uncanny ability to self-organize into intricate architectures dictated by their unique primary sequences, unveil a spectrum of structural capabilities that weave together complexity and utility. Over the past few decades, countless nanoparticle-conjugated peptides have been developed for various applications such as drug delivery, inhibition of pathogenic biomolecular interactions, molecular imaging, and liquid biopsy.

Fig. 1 Overview of commonly used nanoparticle (NP) types conjugated to peptides. (Gessner I, et al., 2020)

Explore Our Custom Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptide Synthesis Services

CD Formulation provides custom nanoparticle peptide conjugation services using various types of gold nanoparticles, such as such as liposomes, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, etc. Each of our custom nanoparticle peptide conjugation projects is quantitatively monitored according to strict quality assurance and quality control standards and fully supported by a bioanalytical laboratory.

Our scientists can handle many of the custom synthesis options for the peptides and nanoparticles listed below, but we are happy to discuss conjugation projects using your own nanoparticles or peptides.

• Polymer nanoparticles-conjugated peptides.
• BSA-coated AuNPs-conjugated peptides.
• Liposomes-conjugated peptides.
• Nanolipid crystals-conjugated peptides.
• Polyethylene glycol-conjugated peptides.
• Metal nanoparticles-conjugated peptides.
• Magnetic nanoparticles-conjugated peptides.
• Silica microspheres-conjugated peptides.

Our Preparation Method for Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptide

Chemical Conjugation

Chemical conjugation is an effective method for making nanoparticle-conjugated peptides, involving the covalent binding of peptides to nanoparticles. This method can precisely control the spatial arrangement of peptides on nanoparticles, thereby affecting their biological activity and targeting specificity. Our science prepares peptide-nanoparticle conjugates through the following different reactions.

• Maleimide-thiol chemistry
• Amide bond
• EDC/NHS chemistry
• Au-S coordinate bond
• His-NTA conjugation
• Biotin-streptavidin interaction
• Disulfide bond
• Click chemistry

Fig. 2 Peptide functional groups for chemical conjugation with nanoparticles. (CD Formulation)

Physical Adsorption

Physical adsorption is the conjugation of peptides and nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions. Our scientists assemble the peptides onto the nanoparticle surface by electrostatic adsorption by adjusting the surface electrodes of the nanoparticle buffer. This method is convenient, rapid, and does not involve chemical reactions.

Self-Assembly

Self-assembly orchestrates the emergence of nanoparticle-conjugated peptides through an intricate interplay of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic attractions, hydrophobic nuances, and the subtle caress of van der Waals interactions. Our team of scientists deftly employs two distinct modes of self-assembly, engaging in a delicate ballet of molecular design and synthesis, all to craft the ultimate nanoparticle-conjugated peptide tailored specifically for your needs.

• Peptide and nanoparticle self-assemble into nanoparticle-conjugated peptide.
• Peptide self-assembles on the surface of the nanoparticle.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation is a trusted partner for peptide synthesis. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are considering using nanoparticle-conjugated peptides in your project. We look forward to cooperating with you.