Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptide Synthesis

One of the major weaknesses of therapeutic peptides is their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation in vivo. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are good carriers for therapeutic peptides, improving their stability and cellular uptake in vivo and in vitro. CD Formulation can use its expertise to conjugate gold nanoparticles to your peptide of interest to achieve effective protection of short-chain amino acid-free peptides.

Gold Nanoparticle Introduction

Gold, a paragon of chemical resilience, particularly in its nano-sized manifestations, flaunts an array of extraordinary physical and chemical phenomena. These diminutive particles, typically measuring between 1 and 100 nanometers, inhabit a realm where the mundane rules of matter blur and transform. When gold nanoparticles entwine with polypeptides, a fascinating  unfolds: not only does this coupling bolster the stability and biocompatibility of the polypeptides, but it also catapults their drug delivery prowess into realms previously unimagined. By deftly manipulating the size and shape of these nanoparticles, one can achieve an exquisite control over polypeptide functionalization, paving the way for enhanced targeting and amplified therapeutic efficacy. The interplay of these elements creates a tapestry of possibilities that dances between the tangible and the theoretical, inviting exploration into the depths of their potential.

Fig. 1 The detailed structure of gold nanoparticles. (Dristant U, et al., 2023)

Explore Our Custom Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptide Synthesis Synthesis Services

CD Formulation provides custom gold nanoparticle peptide conjugation services using various types of gold nanoparticles, such as nanogold, undecaprylated gold, or colloidal gold. Each of our custom gold nanoparticle peptide conjugation projects is quantitatively monitored according to strict quality assurance and quality control standards and fully supported by a bioanalytical laboratory.

Our scientists use the following 4 methods for gold nanoparticle peptide conjugation:

• Electrostatic Adsorption Method: The peptide is assembled onto the gold nanoparticle surface with electrostatic adsorption by adjusting the surface electrode of the gold nanoparticle buffer. This method is convenient, rapid, and does not involve chemical reactions.
• Covalent Coupling (EDC-NHS) Method: 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as the crosslinking agent, breathing life into the gold nanoparticle surface, priming it for a delicate embrace with the peptide. This approach, replete with precision, affords a greater mastery over the binding dynamics, can effectively reduce the effect of steric hindrance on the structure of the binding protein.
• Biotin-Streptavidin Method: Gold nanoparticles modified with streptomycin are conjugated to biotinylated peptides. The products prepared by this method have good stability.
• NHS-Activated Gold Nanoparticles Method: The pre-activated gold nanoparticles are used to bind to peptides in a ready-to-aggregate form. This method simplifies the overall workflow.

Our Conjugation Procedure for Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptides

Electrostatic Adsorption Method

Fig .2 Schematic diagram of electrostatic adsorption of gold nanoparticle-conjugated peptides. (CD Formulation)

• Add the gold nanoparticle dispersion to the peptide solution to be coupled, and form a stable peptide layer on the surface of the gold nanoparticles through electrostatic force.
• Centrifuge and wash to remove unreacted peptides and impurities.
• Perform analytical tests to meet customer requirements.

Covalent Coupling (EDC-NHS) Method

Fig .3 Schematic diagram of covalent coupling of gold nanoparticles to peptides. (CD Formulation)

• Add EDC and NHS to the buffer solution in proportion to prepare the EDC-NHS active solution.
• Adjust the pH value of the EDC-NHS active solution, and add dispersed gold nanoparticles to activate the surface of the gold nanoparticles.
• Mix the peptide solution to be coupled with the EDC-NHS active solution in a certain proportion and let it stand for a certain time for a cross-linking reaction.
• Clean and purify the product to remove unreacted impurities such as EDC and NHS.
• Perform analytical tests to meet customer requirements.

Biotin-Streptavidin Method

Fig .4 Schematic diagram of biotin-streptavidin binding of gold nanoparticles to peptides. (CD Formulation)

• The peptide to be bound is conjugated to biotin to obtain a biotinylated peptide.
• Combine the streptavidin-modified gold nanoparticles with the biotinylated peptide.
• Wash and purify the reaction product to remove impurities.
• Perform analytical tests to meet customer requirements.

NHS-Activated Gold Nanoparticles Method

• Dilute the peptide solution to an appropriate concentration and prepare the peptide reaction buffer.
• Evenly mix the diluted peptide reaction buffer and the dried NHS-activated gold nanoparticles. After mixing for a period of time, add the Quenchant solution to terminate the reaction.
• Centrifuge to remove impurities and unbound peptides.
• Perform analytical tests to meet customer requirements.

Fig .5 Schematic diagram of NHS-activated gold nanoparticles conjugated to peptides. (CD Formulation)

Applications of Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Peptides

• Targeted drug delivery.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
• Immunohistochemistry.
• Biomarkers.
• Biosensors.
• Cell imaging.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation is a trusted partner for peptide synthesis. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are considering using gold nanoparticle-conjugated peptides in your project. We look forward to cooperating with you.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.