D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Synthesis

Although proteins and most natural peptides are composed of L-configuration amino acids. Since most of the amino acids recognized by proteases in the body are natural L-type amino acids, D-peptides are more resistant to degradation than L-peptides and have great therapeutic potential. With decades of hands-on experience in peptide synthesis and research, CD Formulation can introduce specific D-amino acid groups into your peptide to produce the target peptide of your interest, including replacing the C-terminal and N-terminal amino acids of the polypeptide chain with D-type amino acids or replacing all the amino acids in the polypeptide chain with D-type amino acids.

What is D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide?

All standard α-amino acids, except glycine, can exist as two optical isomers that are mirror images of each other; these are called L- and D-amino acids. Compared to the 20 common L-amino acids found in nature, the 19 D-amino acids (Gly has no chirality) often play special roles in the activity and stability of peptides. They are therefore usually used as the most basic sequence modification tools. Since most of the amino acids recognized by proteases in the body are naturally L-amino acids, D-peptides are more resistant to degradation than L-peptides. Incorporating D-amino acids into peptides can bring a variety of advantages, such as resistance to enzymatic degradation, altered binding properties, and potential changes in biological activity.

Fig. 1 L-Alanine and D-Alanine. (CD Formulation)

Explore Our Custom D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Synthesis Services

At CD Formulation, our team of peptide synthesis experts has the expertise and specific skills to design and synthesize high-quality D-amino acid-containing peptides for a variety of applications based on your needs.

Our scientists are familiar with a variety of synthesis techniques, including solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), and chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS), allowing us to select the most appropriate technology to support each individual peptide synthesis project. At the same time, we strictly follow quality control standards to ensure that we provide you with high-purity, low-impurity peptide products.

Our services include but are not limited to the following:

D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Synthesis

D-amino acid-containing peptides are assembled from D-amino acids in the reverse order of their natural L-peptide sequence. Our peptide experts create D-peptides by replacing the normal L-amino acids with D-amino acids and reversing the orientation of the main peptide backbone. The key steps include:

• Resin preparation: Functionalization of the resin with a linker that can anchor the first amino acid.
• Amino acid coupling: D-amino acids can be incorporated using protected forms of D-amino acids, such as Fmoc or Boc. Protecting groups is essential to prevent unwanted reactions during the synthesis.
• Deprotection: The selective removal of protecting groups to allow coupling of subsequent amino acids.
• Cleavage: Once the desired peptide sequence is complete, the peptide is cleaved from the resin, usually using a strong acid such as TFA.

D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Modification

We offer a variety of peptide modification options to meet different research needs. These modifications can significantly improve the stability of D-peptide, thereby enhancing its application in various biological experiments. By changing the chemical structure of the peptide chain, you can achieve a longer half-life, greater bioactivity, and greater tolerability. In addition to N/C-terminal and internal modifications, our peptide modification services include peptide labeling and conjugation for imaging and detection needs.

D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Purification

Our peptide analysis team uses a variety of chromatographic technologies to purify and analyze synthetic D-amino acid-containing peptides, allowing us to provide peptide products in a variety of purity grades, from crude peptides to high-purity peptides with a purity of more than 98%.

Available D-Amino Acid Options

The conformational preference of D-amino acids can promote the formation of specific folding structures. Introducing D-amino acids into peptides can help:

• Improve the stability of peptides.
• Develop peptide therapeutics, such as peptide antibiotics (such as aspoxicillin), gastrointestinal drugs (such as octreotide), etc.

The following are the D-amino acids we can provide:

Features of D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptide (Compared With L-Peptide)

• Not easily degraded by proteases.
• Longer half-life.
• Better tissue compatibility.
• Lower immunogenicity.
• Same high affinity and specificity as antibodies.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation's D-amino acid-containing peptide synthesis services are tailored to meet the specific needs of researchers and organizations seeking high-quality peptides for drug discovery, vaccine development, diagnostics, and other scientific endeavors. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services. We look forward to cooperating with you.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.