Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) Synthesis

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a diverse class of short peptides that are able to cross cell membranes without compromising their structural and functional integrity and have been extensively studied for the delivery of bioactive molecules, therapeutic agents, and theranostic cargoes within the cellular environment. With decades of hands-on experience in peptide synthesis and research, CD Formulation has developed specific skills and expertise that enable it to produce CPPs of superior quality. Our broad range of synthetic strategies coupled with in-depth expertise enables us to consistently meet our customers' expectations in delivering specialized peptides on time and on budget.

What is Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP)?

CPPs, also known as protein transduction domains (PTDs), are short, positively charged peptides consisting of less than 40 amino acids. They can cross cell membranes and transport a wide range of compounds, such as siRNA, nucleic acids, small molecules, proteins, and cytotoxic drugs, bringing them into cells in the process. The vast majority of bioactive molecules must enter cells to exert their functions. The main features of CPPs are low cytotoxicity, uptake by a wide range of cell types, dose-dependent efficiency, and no restrictions on the size or type of cargo. CPPs have been successfully applied to deliver different types of drugs, nanoparticles, and liposomes for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Fig. 1 Assembly of complex cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) structures. (Reissmann S, et al., 2014)

Explore Our Custom Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) Synthesis Services

At CD Formulation, our team of peptide synthesis experts has the expertise and specific skills to design and synthesize high-quality CPPs for a variety of applications based on your needs.

Our scientists are familiar with a variety of synthesis techniques, including solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), and chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS), allowing us to select the most appropriate technology to support each individual peptide synthesis project. At the same time, we strictly follow quality control standards to ensure that we provide you with high-purity, low-impurity peptide products.

Our CPP synthesis services include but are not limited to:

• When the cell-penetrating sequence is added to the peptide cargo itself, we typically employ SPPS synthesis to synthesize the entire molecule or use a chemical ligation strategy.
• When the cargo peptide is greater than 50 amino acids in length, the chemical ligation strategy is preferred.
• When using a ligation strategy, the cargo peptide and CPP are synthesized independently, and appropriate chemical handles are introduced at selected positions during peptide synthesis.
• Non-peptide cargo molecules can also be conjugated to CPPs if they carry functional groups suitable for ligation.
• Common ligation strategies for CPPs include oxime ligation, thiomaleimide coupling, and click chemistry, but strategies such as isothiocyanate ligation, NHS coupling, or NCL can also be applied.

Design Your Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP)

A limitation of most CPPs is their lack of cell or tissue selectivity, which limits their use in clinical development. To address this, our peptide experts design your own CPP using three different universal controlled delivery strategies listed below.

• Design of cell and tissue-specific CPPs: Our scientists design and generate CPPs with separate target specificity using phage display technology. Such CPPs have high specificity and strong affinity for a given target.
• Conjugation of CPPs to targeting moieties: Our scientists conjugate CPPs to various cell-specific targeting ligands via covalent or non-covalent bonds to design and generate targetable CPPs.
• Regulation of CPP uptake by stimuli-sensitive signals to control the delivery of CPP cargo only at the target site. In this strategy, pH is the most common condition that triggers the activation of CPPs at the target site, and pH-responsive peptides have been widely used to deliver therapeutic agents at tumor sites.

Advantages of Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP)

• Capable of rapidly transferring macromolecules into the interior of cells.
• Low toxicity.
• High delivery yield.
• Targeted delivery.
• Suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Peptide Manufacturing & Analytical Services

In addition to peptide synthesis capabilities, CD Formulation combines flexible GMP manufacturing facilities with cutting-edge peptide analytical knowledge to provide a full range of quality control testing services to accelerate the commercialization of your products, including:

Publication

CD Formulation's CPP synthesis services are tailored to meet the specific needs of researchers and organizations seeking high-quality peptides for drug discovery, vaccine development, diagnostics, and other scientific endeavors. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services. We look forward to cooperating with you.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.