Transdermal drug delivery can help prevent issues like poor bioavailability or unwanted side effects in certain situations. Recent advancements in nano-transdermal drug delivery technology have made it possible to surpass the skin barrier without harming tissues and ensure successful drug absorption. CD Formulation has extensive expertise in developing nano transdermal formulations and offers expert drug-loading testing services.
The drug loading test of nano transdermal formulations is designed to determine the amount of drug carried in the nanocarrier. The size of the drug loading directly affects the drug release efficiency and biological activity of the nanocarrier. It is an important indicator for evaluating the performance and application effect of nano transdermal formulations. It is of great significance for optimizing the preparation process of nano transdermal formulations and improving drug release efficiency and bioavailability.
Typically, our drug loading assessment involves separating drugs from carriers and quantitatively analyzing the drugs. This separation is achieved through physical or chemical means, followed by quantitative analysis of the drug using techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), or other analytical methods to determine the drug content in the nanocarrier.
Drug loading = (drug mass/nanocarrier mass) × 100%
Fig.1 Flow chart of nano transdermal formulation drug loading testing. (CD Formulation)
1. Sample preparation: Prepare samples of nano transdermal formulations to ensure sample stability and consistency.
2. Separation of drugs from carriers: Use ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, or other physical methods to separate drugs from carriers. During the separation process, ensure that the drug can be completely released from the carrier to avoid the influence of drug residues on the test results.
3. Drug quantitative analysis: Utilize HPLC, UV, or alternative analytical techniques to quantitatively assess the isolated drugs and ascertain their concentration in the solution. When conducting quantitative analysis, select suitable analytical methods and parameters to guarantee the precision and dependability of the measurement outcomes.
4. Calculate drug loading: Calculate drug loading based on the concentration of the drug in the solution and the mass of the nanocarrier. To obtain more reliable results, perform multiple parallel tests on each batch. Then, calculate the mean and coefficient of variation of all test results to evaluate the stability and repeatability of the data.
Technologies | Description |
---|---|
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) | HPLC is utilized in nanoformulations to assess the loading efficiency and drug loading. A standard working curve is established to determine drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading by using the data from the curve. |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy | Applicable to drugs with specific absorption spectra. |
LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) | Combining high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques, it is used to analyze the chemical structure and content of drugs in nanoformulations. |
Technology: Methods to nano transdermal formulation zeta potential testing
Journal: Journal of Functional Biomaterials
IF: 4.8
Published: 2023
Results: Clarithromycin (CLR), categorized as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II drug, has several gastrointestinal tract side effects and an extremely unpalatable bitter taste. The current study aimed to design transdermal patch-embedded CLR niosomes to overcome the aforementioned CLR-related challenges. Various liposomal formulations were successfully fabricated and characterized for their morphology, drug loading, in vitro release, and antimicrobial efficacy.
Fig.2 Different kinetic models and their parameters for the release pattern of CLR from F1 and F9 liposomal formulations: Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model for (A) F1 and (B) F9. First-order kinetic model for (C) F1 and (D) F9. (Ahlam Zaid Alkilani, et al. 2023)
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