Proteins & Peptides Crystal Structure Elucidation

Protein/peptide crystal structure elucidation is one of the most important technologies in modern biology. As an expert in the field of proteins/peptides, CD Formulation provides systematic protein/peptide crystal structure elucidation services by utilizing technologies such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), thus providing valuable insights into the three-dimensional structure of protein/peptide at atomic resolution.

Why do You Conduct Protein/peptide Crystal Structure Analysis?

Protein/peptide crystal structure refers to the three-dimensional spatial structure of a protein or peptide in a crystalline state, involving the structure formed by the orderly arrangement of ions, atoms, or molecules in space. It is an internal feature that determines the physical and chemical properties of proteins/peptides.

Protein/peptide crystal structure analysis refers to the determination of the arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystals and their spatial structure through experimental techniques and theoretical calculation methods, which helps to understand the functions and properties of proteins/peptides and reveal their mechanisms of action in biological activities. In addition, protein/peptide crystal structure analysis can also provide important references for drug design and biotechnology research, and promote progress in drug development and biology. At the same time, protein/peptide crystal structure analysis can also provide guidance for protein engineering and protein expression, and help optimize the properties and functions of proteins.

Explore Our Protein & Peptide Crystal Structure Elucidation Services

At CD Formulation, our experienced protein scientists master the most advanced crystal structure analysis technology and are good at high-resolution protein/peptide crystal structure determination by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to support independent and integrated protein/peptide biopharmaceutical discovery projects.

Our laboratory is equipped with the most advanced protein structure research equipment in the world and has successfully determined hundreds of crystal structures with a high success rate.

X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis Service

X-ray crystal structure analysis is a technology based on the principle of X-ray diffraction. It uses mathematical methods to infer the atomic arrangement of proteins by irradiating protein crystals and observing their diffraction patterns. This method requires a high-intensity X-ray source and high-quality crystal samples to obtain high-resolution structural information. It is the main technology used to determine the crystal structure of proteins.

We provide one-stop protein/peptide crystallization and crystal structure analysis services. With our X-ray crystal structure analysis services, you can obtain detailed information about proteins at the atomic level, including the position, spacing, and angle of atoms. These structural data can help you infer the functional mechanism, molecular recognition, and interaction of proteins with other biomacromolecules. In addition, this structural information can also be used for drug design and customized drug development.

Workflow

• Protein or peptide sample purification.
• Crystallization.
• Diffraction, data collection.
• Determine protein structure.
• Understand the relationship between structure and function.

Fig. 1 Workflow for protein/peptide structure determination using X-ray crystallography. (CD Formulation)

Cryo-electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) Crystal Structure Analysis Service

Unlike traditional X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a newer technique that does not require crystallization.

The principle of cryo-EM is that a protein sample in solution is simply flash-frozen and then bombarded with electrons. An image of the protein is generated based on the electron pattern projected onto a detector.

Our structural biology experts often use this technique to solve the structure of large proteins (such as membrane-bound proteins that constitute the targets of most modern drugs) as a complement to X-ray crystallography. If your protein is less than 80 kDa (or contains more than 700 amino acids), X-ray crystallography will be chosen to use analysis.

Workflow

• Sample Preparation: usually purified proteins or complexes in solution.
• Freezing: The sample is quickly frozen by placing it in a cryogenic fluid (e.g. liquid ethane), causing the sample to vitrify and retain the native structure of the protein.
• Cryo-EM: The vitrified sample is transferred to a cryogenic electron microscope. The microscope is calibrated and aligned, and then data acquisition begins. The electron beam is aimed at the sample, producing a series of 2D projection images from different angles.
• 2D Projections: These 2D images are processed to correct artifacts and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
• Pick Particles, Alignment, and Averaging: Particle picking identifies individual particles in the image and collects large particle data sets.
• Algorithmic Analysis: 3D density maps are reconstructed from particle images.

Fig. 2 Workflow for protein/peptide structure determination using cryo-EM. (CD Formulation)

In addition to structure elucidation, CD Formulation also offers services for protein/peptide crystallization, purification, and characterization, providing a comprehensive solution for all your protein/peptide research needs.

Why Choose Us for Proteins & Peptides Crystal Structure Elucidation?

• We have established a professional protein/peptide crystal structure research platform that can analyze molecules of any size, even large protein complexes.
• We have an expert team of structural biology, protein science, and pharmaceutical scientists who can support your protein or peptide products with one-stop services, from crystal structure analysis for drug discovery to crystal structure analysis for process development and cGMP manufacturing.
• We provide flexible experimental design and testing options to meet the specific needs of any customer.
• Fast and efficient services ensure that our customers' projects are delivered on time.

Publication

CD Formulation is dedicated to solving complex protein/peptide structures, including membrane proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and more. By utilizing state-of-the-art equipment and techniques, we are able to accurately determine the arrangement of atoms within a protein/peptide crystal, allowing for a better understanding of its function and interactions with other molecules. Please feel free to contact us to how we can assist you in advancing your research and drug development efforts if you are interested in our services.

How It Works

STEP 1

Submit a service request describing your specific research or development need.

STEP 2

We'll email you to provide your quote and confirm order details if applicable.

STEP 3

Execute the project with real-time communication, and deliver the final report promptly.