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Amino Acid Analysis

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In the quality control of protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals, it is crucial to evaluate the quality of the protein or peptide and ensure the consistency, purity, and stability of the product. Amino acid analysis is the most accurate method for determining the content of a protein. Comparing the amino acid composition of a protein to a reference standard can identify any changes or abnormalities and help produce safe and effective treatments. CD Formulation is committed to providing unparalleled amino acid analysis services for your protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals based on advanced instrumentation and first-class experience. Our team of scientists is highly skilled in amino acid analysis (AAA) techniques and can provide accurate and reliable results to ensure the quality and safety of your product.

Why Do You Conduct Amino Acid Analysis?

  • Amino acid analysis is an important biochemical technique in all stages of drug discovery, allowing the determination of the composition and content of amino acids in protein/peptide drugs, as well as the identification of atypical amino acids in protein/peptide drugs.
  • Amino acid analysis is a necessary step before the full sequencing of biopharmaceuticals and can provide strong evidence for determining the primary structure of biopharmaceuticals.
  • Amino acid analysis can identify any changes or abnormalities in protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals.
  • Amino acid analysis can quantify free amino acids as well as amino acids released from proteins or peptides.
  • Amino acid analysis can quantify protein/peptide concentrations.
  • Amino acid analysis can check whether recombinant protein expression is correct.

Explore Our Amino Acid Analysis Services

At CD Formulation, our protein scientists follow good laboratory practice (GLP) guidelines and provide comprehensive amino acid analysis and amino acid quantification services for protein and peptide drug products.

Our amino acid analysis service allows you to measure protein/peptide concentrations and demonstrate control over the manufacturing process by showing batch-to-batch consistency.

Two commonly used quantitative AAA analysis methods are:

Pre-column derivatization followed by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC)

Post-column derivatization followed by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC)

HPLC (RP-HPLC) is the technique we most often employ. Our protein/peptide lab technicians first break down the protein/peptide into its constituent amino acids, followed by pre-column derivatization, where the resulting amino acids are derivatized with OPA (o-phthalaldehyde) or phenylisothiocyanate (PITC). These amino acids are then separated by gradient elution using fluorescence detection HPLC, and the content of each amino acid derivative is determined using an external standard method, thereby obtaining information on the amino acid composition and content of the protein sample.

It should be noted that amino acid analysis can determine what types of amino acids a protein or peptide is composed of and the amount of each amino acid. However, it cannot determine the order or sequence of the amino acid residues, which is usually determined by our Edman sequencing method.

Workflow for Amino Acid Analysis Services

Fig. 1 Workflow of amino acid analysis. Fig. 1 Workflow of amino acid analysis. (CD Formulation)

  • Sample preparation: Extraction and purification of the protein/peptide of interest.
  • Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of the protein/peptide of interest into individual constituent amino acids.
  • Derivatization: Labeling of amino acids for UV absorption or fluorescence detection.
  • LC-MS analysis: Separation of different types of amino acids by chromatography and entering the mass spectrometer for detection and quantitative analysis.
  • Data analysis: Measurement of the relative amounts of each amino acid type based on the intensity of the detectable label associated with the appearance of each amino acid in the LC-MS system.

Our Expertise In Amino Acid Analysis

Amino acid analysis can in many cases provide some structural information for peptides and small proteins, but this data is often less conclusive for larger proteins.

In order to more thoroughly characterize protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals, CD Formulation provides you with comprehensive support in the following areas, including but not limited to:

  • Amino acid sequencing analysis.
  • Terminal amino acid sequence analysis.
  • Amino acid content analysis.
  • Protein concentration determination.
  • Total amino acid determination.
  • Free amino acid determination.
  • Identification of atypical amino acids present in protein/peptide drugs.
  • Purity and impurity analysis.

Our Technology Platforms

Technologies Description
High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) HPLC can detect and quantify amino acids. HPLC is often combined with various detection methods such as UV absorption or fluorescence.
Gas Chromatography (GC) GC is mainly used to analyze volatile and derivatized amino acids.
Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) Amino acids are separated based on their charge properties and their concentrations can be determined using various detection methods.
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) This technique separates amino acids using their electrophoretic mobility in a capillary filled with a buffer solution.

Why Choose Us for Amino Acid Analysis?

  • Extensive expertise and experience in performing amino acid analysis of protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals.
  • We have hundreds of successful project achievements in amino acid analysis of protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals.
  • We use the latest technology and equipment to perform amino acid analysis, ensuring high precision and sensitivity.
  • We provide flexible and tailored solutions to meet our customers' specific needs and requirements.
  • Fast and efficient services ensure that our customers' projects are delivered on time.

Publication

Published Data

Technology: HILIC LC-MS/MS

Journal: Plant Methods

IF: 3.935

Published: 2019

Results:

The authors used hydrophilic interaction chromatography to separate all proteinogenic amino acids, including the isotopic compounds leucine and isoleucine, followed by multiple reaction monitoring detection using LC-MS/MS. An isotope dilution strategy was used for amino acid-based protein quantification by adding commercially available isotopically labeled (13C, 15N) amino acids as internal standards. Three hydrolysis methods were tested with ubiquitin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and soy protein biological reference material (SRM 3234; NIST), and the results showed that he methanesulfonic acid hydrolysis method provided the highest recoveries for labile amino acids that are difficult to accurately quantify, including cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan.

Fig. 2 Protein quantitation using amino acid analysis.Fig. 2 Graphical summary of protein quantitation using amino acid analysis via HILIC LC-MS/MS. (Kambhampati S, et al., 2019)

CD Formulation is designed to provide you with reliable and high-quality amino acid analysis services for protein/peptide biopharmaceuticals. Our team of scientists can provide customers with complete identification and quantitative information of relevant amino acids in protein/peptide samples. Please feel free to contact us if you are interested in our services. Our scientists will discuss the right solution for your protein/peptide biopharmaceutical and development phase.

References

  1. Rutherfurd S M, Gilani G S. (2009) Amino acid analysis. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. Chapter 11:Unit 11.9.
  2. Kambhampati S, Li J, Evans BS, et al. Accurate and efficient amino acid analysis for protein quantification using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Plant Methods. 2019,15:46.
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