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Custom Transfer RNA (tRNA) Synthesis

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CD Formulation, a leading biocommercial company, delivers efficient, high-quality nucleic acid formulation services, including tRNA modification and customized solutions for a seamless research experience.

What is tRNA?

Transfer RNA, abbreviated as tRNA, is a small nucleic acid molecule with a cloverleaf structure and a nucleotide composition of typically 70-90. tRNAs work by translocating specific amino acids to ribosomes, which in turn are translated into mRNAs. tRNAs each recognize a codon on the mRNA and translocate the corresponding amino acid into the growing polypeptide chain until the stop codon signals the signaling the end of synthesis.

The characteristics that tRNAs have when used as drugs:

  • Applicable to the same type of nonsense mutation
  • More flexible delivery of tRNA drugs.

Fig.1 Functions of transfer RNA (tRNA).Fig.1 Functions of tRNA. (CD Formulation)

Explore Our Custom tRNA Synthesis Services

tRNA Customization Services

tRNA customization involves designing structural modifications and amino acid loading capabilities for various research applications, including protein synthesis, genetic engineering, and drug discovery. Advanced biotechnological tools enable the delivery of high-quality, high-purity products that support scientific goals.

tRNA Modification Services

Modification services for tRNA can typically be categorized into several types, including base modifications, nucleotide modifications, and terminal modifications.

Items Descriptions
Base modification Base modification involves altering the base portion of nucleotides in tRNA, which includes processes such as methylation, pseudouridylation, and dihydrouracilylation.
Nucleotide modifications Nucleotide modifications involve the addition or removal of nucleotides to change the overall structure and function of the tRNA molecule.
Terminal modifications Terminal modifications, on the other hand, involve specific chemical alterations to the 3' or 5' ends of tRNAs that influence their stability and biological function. These modifications are crucial for the proper folding, stability, and functionality of tRNAs during translation.

Our Workflow for tRNA Preparation

Fig.2 Workflow for tRNA preparation.Fig.2 Flow chart of tRNA preparation. (CD Formulation)

  • Transcription

Preparation of precursor tRNA by transcription process.

  • Splicing

After transcription, pre-tRNAs must undergo a splicing process. This process involves the removal of extra sequences at both the 5' and 3' ends, as well as the formation of CCA sequences. In certain instances, additional splicing modifications may take place.

  • Modification

Modifications of tRNAs are chemical alterations made to their molecular structure. In prokaryotes, there are relatively few types of tRNA modifications, with methylation, disulfide bond formation, and base modifications predominating. These modifications enhance tRNA stability and facilitate recognition and interaction with other molecules.

  • Maturation

Following splicing and modification, tRNAs mature by interacting with specific protein factors to form tRNA-RNA complexes, which are essential for their folding, stabilization, and proper function.

Our tRNA Synthesis Technology Platforms

Based on our advanced laboratory platform, professional team, we guarantee to provide our clients with the most reliable and effective research services tailored to meet their specific research goals.

Chemical Synthesis Technology Enzymatic Synthesis Technology
For tRNA oligonucleotides under 100 bases, we recommend chemical synthesis for its design flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Enzyme synthesis technology can produce longer and highly substituted tRNAs exceeding 100 bases, but it does not allow for position-specific modifications.

Highlights of tRNA Synthesis Services

  • Customized tRNAs can be synthesized precisely to meet specific research needs, ensuring their exclusive binding to target amino acids and facilitating accurate protein synthesis.
  • Through chemical or enzymatic modifications, customized tRNAs can be altered to enhance their stability, binding capacity, or biocompatibility. This is especially valuable for experiments that necessitate protein synthesis under challenging conditions.
  • Combined with synthetic biology techniques, custom tRNAs can be engineered to incorporate unnatural amino acids, allowing researchers to develop novel protein functions and explore previously uncharted areas of the life sciences.
  • The precise synthesis and control of custom tRNAs enhance the reproducibility and consistency of experiments, minimizing variables and potential experimental errors.

Publication Data

Technology: Preparing specific tRNAs by in vitro transcription technology

Journal: STAR protocols

IF: 1.3

Published: 2020

Results:

The addition of amino acids after protein translation is an emerging regulatory mechanism. Examples of this include arginine transfer in eukaryotes, leucine/phenylalanine transfer in bacteria, and lysine side-chain amino acid addition mediated by tRNA synthetase. The authors propose a method for purifying tRNA and using it in these reactions, particularly emphasizing the application of tRNAArg in arginylation reactions.

Fig.3 Preparing specific tRNAs by in vitro transcription.Fig.3 Design tDNA Oligonucleotides for tRNA Transcription. (Avcilar-Kucukgoze I, et al., 2020)

CD Formulation's tRNA customization service is designed to deliver high-quality and highly specific synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA). To learn more about our custom tRNA synthesis capabilities and to assess the feasibility of your project, please contact us.

References

  1. Avcilar-Kucukgoze I, Gamper H, Hou Y M, et al. Purification and use of tRNA for enzymatic post-translational addition of amino acids to proteins. STAR protocols. 2020, 1(3): 100207.
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